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Free, publicly-accessible full text available January 1, 2026
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In this paper, a cascading failure interaction learning method is proposed for real utility outage data. For better revealing the structure, we reorganize the failure interaction matrix based on Louvain community detection. A deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) based method is then proposed to learn the implicit features for failure propagation in the interaction matrix. A systematic method is further developed to evaluate the performance of the learning method on missing interaction recovery and new interaction discovery. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on the 14-year real utility outage data from Bonneville Power Administration.more » « less
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Estimated component failure interactions from utility outage data can capture the general failure propagation patterns and help identify key components of a power system. Conventionally, utility outages are grouped into cascades and generations according to inter-outage time based on arbitrarily chosen thresholds. In this paper, we propose an optimal decomposition approach for utility outage data. By approximating the temporal pattern of the outage sequence by a Poisson process, an adaptive generation duration threshold is calculated to group the generations for each cascade. Compared to the conventional method, the proposed method can reveal more failure interactions and mitigate heterogeneity. The results based on real utility outage data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal decomposition approach.more » « less
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In this paper, we propose a droop-free distributed frequency control for the hybrid photovoltaic and battery energy storage (PV-BES) based microgrid. A distributed state of charge (SOC) balancing regulator achieves balanced SOC among the distributed generators (DGs) with BES utilizing a distributed average SOC estimator and the power sharing regulator ensures proportional power sharing among the PV-BES based DGs. These regulators generate two frequency correction terms which are then added to the microgrid rated frequency to generate references for the lower level controllers. The performance of the proposed distributed control is validated through real-time simulations in OPAL-RT, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control in achieving frequency regulation, SOC balancing, and active power sharing in the hybrid PV-BES units under both islanded and grid-connected operation modes.more » « less
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This paper proposes a unified distributed secondary control for the grid-forming (GFM) and grid-feeding (GFE) converters in DC microgrids. An optimization problem is formulated for the secondary control and the objective function considers regulating the global average of the GFM and GFE converter output voltages and proportional current sharing among all GFM and GFE converters. A unified distributed control is then designed to generate voltage and current references respectively for GFM and GFE converters based on the formulated optimization problem. The dynamic model of the DC microgrid under the proposed control is also developed, and steady-state analysis is performed to show that the proposed distributed control can achieve the control objectives in steady state. The performance of the proposed control is validated through real-time simulations in OPAL-RT on an 8-DG DC microgrid system.more » « less
